The case concerned a reference by the Attorney General on the ground that the original sentences imposed for multiple offences of racially and antisemitically aggravated harassment and malicious electronic communications were unduly lenient. The antisemitism-related core lay in a prolonged campaign of extreme abuse, including Holocaust-related and implicitly violent messages, directed at Jewish individuals, including public figures, and committed despite previous suspended sentences for similar conduct. The Court held that suspending the custodial terms had been unduly lenient, quashed the suspended sentences, and imposed an immediate aggregate term of 18 months’ imprisonment; earlier suspended sentences were activated and ordered to run concurrently. Malicious Communications Act 1988, s. 1(1)(a), (b); Crime and Disorder Act 1998, s. 32(1)(a); Criminal Justice Act 1988, s. 36.