On January 27, 2024, during a demonstration titled "Freiheit für Palästina" in Hamburg, the two defendants loudly chanted the slogan "From the sea to the river, Palestine will live forever". The Public Prosecutor's Office issued penal orders, alleging that the first part of this chant was confusingly similar the prohibited slogan "From the river to the sea". The court held that the phrase "From the river to the sea – Palestine will be free" does not qualify as a prohibited symbol under § 86a StGB.

Public use of symbols of unconstitutional and terrorist organizations (§ 86a StGB in connection with § 86 StGB); Freedom of expression (Art. 5 Abs. 1 GG).