Between February 2023 and October 2024, the defendant operated a social media profile with over 1,000 followers, where he published increasingly radical pro-Palestinian and anti-Israeli content . In three specific instances, he posted images of the "Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades" (a listed terrorist organization), depicting armed fighters and the organization's logo . Furthermore, on December 13, 2024, during a demonstration in Berlin, the defendant repeatedly and loudly chanted the slogan "From the river to the sea – Palestine will be free" . The court ruled that "From the river to the sea" is a trademark/symbol of Hamas. While the phrase has historical roots, Hamas formally authorized and adopted this exact English wording in its 2017 "Document of General Principles and Policies" as its central political leitmotif .

§§ 86 Abs. 1 und 2, 86a Abs. 1 Nr. 1, Abs. 2, 53, 42 StGB