Public defamation of a group of people on the grounds of their origin or their membership or non-membership of a particular ethnic group, nation, race or religion (Diffamation publique envers un groupe de personnes à raison de leur origine ou de leur appartenance ou de leur non appartenance à une ethnie, une nation, une race ou une religion déterminée) – The Cour de dassation ruled on the appeal of an author, who had been convicted by the Paris Court of Appeal for public defamation – The authors conviction stemmed from passages in his book "The Foundational Myths of Israeli Politics," which the court determined contained assertions that severely defamed the Jewish community. The Court of Appeal found that his book went beyond legitimate political critique and ventured into defamation by attributing false historical narratives and malicious intent to the Jewish community and associating them with Zionist actions. It noted that Mr. X. blurred the lines between "Zionists," "the Jewish vote", "Jewish lobby", "Israelis", and "the State of Israel", which contributed to the defamatory nature of his statements, as these terms were used interchangeably and pejoratively to imply a collective and sinister agenda among all mentioned groups – The Cour de Cassation dismissed the author, affirming that the appellate court had correctly interpreted his statements as defamatory and appropriately judged the case within the bounds of the law.

Art. 32 al. 2, Art. 24 bis Loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la liberté de la presse.