SATL-Database

Restitution of a looted business asset (Restitution d’un fond de commerce spolié) – (No) Annulment of the sale of business asset by the Jewish owner, assisted by the managing commissioner when, already before the war, the interested party had decided to sell his business assets and had taken the first steps in this direction.

Ordonnance du 21 avril 1945

Restitution of a looted business asset (Restitution d’un fond de commerce spolié) – sales made by the superintendent of business assets belonging to Jews are null and void – does not matter if Jewish owner was present during sale.

Art. 1 ordonnance du 21 avril 1945

Restitution of a looted business asset (Restitution d’un fond de commerce spolié) – Restitution of business asset to Jew – Sale made under violence, pressure and without any benefit for seller, even if superintendent was not present during sale.

Art. 11 ordonnance du 21 avril 1945

Restitution of a looted business asset (Restitution d’un fond de commerce spolié) – acquisition of a business by a German figurehead for a Jew in 1942 – court decided that Jew is real purchaser of the business.

Art. 11 ordonnance du 21 avril 1945, Art. 17. Ordonnance du 21 avril 1945

November Progroms of 1938 - Trespassing (Landfriedensbruch) - demolishment and destruction of the Limburg synagogue

§ 125 Abs. 2 StGB

Restitution and bona fide possession (Restytucja i posiadanie w dobrej wierze) - Dispute over the possession of a cow taken by the occupying power from an unknown jewish owner - The acquisition of a cow taken from its rightful owner, a Jew, by the occupying power, constitutes a tort and cannot give rise to a new "bona fide possession" and therefore cannot be protected by the principle of Article 2279(1).

Kodeks Cywilny Królestwa Polskiego z dnia 13 czerwca 1825 r; Art. 2279 ust. 1, 2; Art. 1141, 544, 711 Kodex Napoleona

Criminal proceedings concerning misappropriation of property entrusted for safekeeping during the German occupation. The accused was charged with unlawfully appropriating property belonging to a Jewish victim who was forced into hiding during the Holocaust. The Supreme Court held that limitation periods were suspended because, as a Jew under Nazi occupation, the victim was deprived of any real possibility to assert his rights. The judgment explicitly acknowledged genocidal persecution of Jews as a legal obstacle to the running of limitation periods and affirmed that crimes exploiting Holocaust persecution cannot benefit from procedural time limits.

Art. 86, Art. 262 Penal Code

Art. 360, 369, 370, 455, 473, 499, 529 Code of Criminal Procedure

Matrimonial property regime of separation of property (Régime matrimonial de séparation de biens) – law from 22 July 1941 allowed to request a separation of property between a non-Jewish-spouse and a Jewish-spouse – in 1941 ruling in favor of non-Jewish spouse regarding the separation of property with his Jewish wife – Court confirmed the retroactive abrogation of the judgement from 1941 in application of new ordonnance.

Ordonnance du 9 août 1944 and ordonnance du 21 avril 1945

Participation in the Novemberpogroms in Treysa - trial against three persons - concerns the question who was inciting 40-50 school boys to harrass Jews, loot Jewish shops and attack the synagogue (Rädelsführerschaft) - one of three defendants is acquitted due to a lack of evidence

§ 125 Abs. 2 StGB

Insult (Beleidigung) - a woman with Jewish heritage alleges having suffered antisemitic insults and other forms of discriminatory treatment in the last years of the war by her neighbours - she claims these treatments have affected her psychological constitution severely and is seeking a declaratory judgment (Feststellungsklage)

§ 256 ZPO

Continuation of the tenancy (Fortsetzung des Mietverhältnisses) - A Jewish landlord can annul the tenant's contract who was an active nationalsocialist

§ 2 MSchG

Restitution of property (Prawa własności do części nieruchomości) - Unlawful annulment of the property rights of Jews.

Art. 43, 46 Konwencja Haska, Art. 17 of the Mortgage Act of 1818.

Restitution (Restitution de biens spoliées) – non application of art. 11 of the ordonnance from the 21 April 1945 because of fictious "aryanisation" of a company owned by a Jew by the distribution of shares by himself among non-Jews.

Art. 11 Ordonnance du 21 avril 1945

Incitement to racial hatred (podżeganie do nienawiści na tle rasowym) - The Slogan "Down with the Jews and the Russians" is considered as incitement to national and racial hate.

Article 21 (now Article 30) Kodex Karny

Restitution (Restitution) - Reintegration of Jewish couple in appartement, in which they where exploiting a business - Superintendent, in charge of their business under Vichy laws, gave the owner of the appartement notice, without the consent of the couple.

Art. 11 Ordonnance du 21 avril 1945

Every human being, regardless of race, religion or belief, has inalienable and sacred rights (Tout être humain, sans distinction de race, de religion ou de croyance, possède des droist inalienable et sacrés) - Clause in a will, by which a woman stipulates: "If my granddaughter marries a Jew, I revoke the legacy made to her and I dispose of it for the benefit of the X work..." must be declared null and void - Violation of the rules of public order as they result from the Ordonnance of August 9, 1944, and violation of the Constitution of the French Republic (1946), which proclaims that every human being, without distinction of race, religion or belief, has inalienable and sacred rights.

Ordonnance du 9 août 1944 and Constitution 1946

Betrayal of the whereabouts of Jewish persons (Zdrada o miejscu przebywania osób narodowości żydowskiej) - Notifying the police of the whereabouts of Jews etc - death sentence

Article 1 § 1 letter b of the Dekret of 31 August 1944

Discrimination - Licensing of a taxi business - allegation of antisemitic sentiments towards license applicant

Town Police Clauses Act, 1847 (10 & 11 Vict., c. 89), s. 37

Salary for forced labour (Forderung nach Lohn für Zwangsarbeit) - The claimant, a Jew from Poland, was forced to work as an electrician for the Deutsche Reichsbahn receiving a salary only until December 1942 - he is requesting payment of the remaining salary - court is arguing that it was impossible for the respondent at the time to pay the salary (unverschuldete Leistungsunmöglichkeit) due to a SS-order - as a result there is no claim to payment

§§ 323, 812 BGB

Claim for damages (Schadensersatzanspruch) - A Jew was forced to give up his shop which was then run by a trustee - the former shop owner is suing for damages - court argues that the trustee was acting in an official capacity and that therefor only the state is liable

Art. 131 WeimVerf.; 1 ReichshaftungsG; §§ 823 Abs. 1 und 2, 826, 839 BGB; § 2 II, III VO über den Einsatz des jüdischen Vermögens vom 3.12.38; VO zur Ausschaltung der Juden aus dem deutschen Wirtschaftsleben vom 23.11.38; KontrG 10

Épuration administrative (denanzification) - Cancelation of a decree of the Minister of Justice - Removal of a judge of a court of first instance for collaboration with the enemy and severe judgments in application of the racial laws.

Ordonnance du 27 juin 1944, Ordonnance du 31 Juillet 1945

Incitement - publisher of an antisemitic article in "The Morecambe and Heysham Visitor" is indicted for seditious libel - context of violence against British soldiers in Palestine - defendant is acquitted after persuading the jury that the article was not meant as an incitement to violence against British Jews

Validity of German decree that withdrew citizinship from Jew in English law - Case concerned the effectivenes of a patent, the Jewish claimant had lost after his German citizenship was withdrawn by the Nazis

Patents and Designs Acts, 1907-1946, Sec, 18 (6)

Participation in Forced Labour (Uczestnictwo w pracy przymusowej) - Procedural error for not taking into account mitigating circumstances, such as assisting Jews to illegally escape.

Art. 1 dekretu z dn. 28.VI 1946 r. (Dz. U. R. P. Nr 41, poz. 237), Art. 515 Kodex Prawa Karnego.

Participation in Forced Labour (Uczestnictwo w pracy przymusowej) - concerns a procedural error of not taking into according mitigating circumstances, such as assisting Jews to escape illegally

Art. 1 dekretu z dn. 28.VI 1946 r. (Dz. U. R. P. Nr 41, poz. 237), Art. 515 Kodex Prawa Karnego

Participation in the execution of Jews (Udziału w dokonywaniu zabójst, udział w rozstrzeliwaniu Żydów) - trial against a Gestapo officer for passive participation in the shooting of Jews

Art. 1 pkt. 1 i 2, Art. 2 i 4 § 1 Dekret z.dn. 31.VIII 1944 r. (Dz. U. R. P. z 1946 r. Nr 69, poz. 377); Art. 529 Kodex Prawa Karnego

Trespassing (Landfriedensbruch) - Trial concerns the destruction of the synagogue in Eiterfeld, Hesse - the synagogue was already abandoned and no Jewish community was present - the defendant is acquitted even though a witness saw him in the synagogue - the court beliefs the defendant who argued that he only went into the synagogue out of curiosity and did not cause any damage

§ 125 StGB

Participation in murder (Udział w przestępstwie/ świadomość sprawcy) - The Supreme Court overturns the conviction of an accused person in participating in the murder of two Jews - The perpetrator must be aware that he is participating in an act aimed at murdering a human being - In this context, the perpetrator must at least be proven to have a dolus eventualis, which was not affirmed here.

Art. 529, 532; Art. 360, 379 Kodex Prawa Karnego

Frivolous false accusation (leichtfertige falsche Anschuldigung) - concerns the allegations against a fire brigade chief claiming he had participated in the november pogroms and the burning of the synagoge of Witzenhausen - the person making the allegations is convicted

§§ 164 Abs. 5, 165 StGB

Murder of Jews, Poles and Russians (Udział w zabjstwach Żydów, Polaków, Rosjan) - the accused was a gendarme of the German gendarmerie post in Tyszowce who murdered many Russian prisoners of war, Jews and Poles - acquital

Art. 1 pkt 1 Dekret z dnia 31 sierpnia 1944 r. (Dz. U. R. P. 1946 r. Nr 69 poz. 377)